Selection inversion: a probable tool against antibiotic resistance

Selection inversion: a probable tool against antibiotic resistance Zulqarnain Baloch,1,* Bilal Aslam,2,* Saima Muzammil,2 Mohsin Khurshid,3 Muhammad Hidayat Rasool,2 Ke Ma4 1College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; 2Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Antibiotic therapy has a dual impact: wanted, in which it immediately inhibits the growth of bacteria and the unwanted, which is responsible for the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The dissociation of therapeutic effectiveness from the possible risk of the antibiotic resistance may be attained by taking the advantage of specific relations between these drugs, and the methods in which mutations associated with resistance against a specific antibiotic may modify these relations or it may increase the sensitivity of the bacterium to the other antibiotics. Although the practical implementation of this notion needs considerable advancement and confirmation that depends upon the improvements in the field of genomics and diagnostics, these interventions propose new paradigms, which may confine or inverse the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, inversion, mutations, bacteria, evolution