The investigation of antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant organisms in a drinking water reservoir system in Germany.

Between August 2018 and June 2019, a river system in Germany that supplies a drinking water reservoir and is subject to the discharge from two sewage treatment plants was monitored for antibiotic residues via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, antibiotic resistance genes (including bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, mcr) via qualitative real-time PCR and antibiotic-resistant bacteria [belonging to the ESKAPE-group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphyhlococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter ssp.; with resistance against Carbapenemases, Cephalosporines and Colistin) and Escherichia coli] based on cultivation methods followed by a characterization via MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility testing applying microdilution. Residues of macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin (up to 0.60 μg/L) and residues of sulfamethoxazole (up to 0.40 μg/L) and trimethoprim (up to 0.39 μg/L) were detected downstream of the sewage treatment plants. In addition, no antibiotic residues were detected upstream the respective sewage treatment plants, except for anhydroerythromycin (n = 1,

Reference Key	voigt2020theinternational Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors	Voigt, A M;Ciorba, P;Döhla, M;Exner, M;Felder, C;Lenz-Plet, F;Sib, E;Skutlarek, D;Schmithausen, R M;Faerber, H A;
Journal	international journal of hygiene and environmental health
Year	2020
DOI	S1438-4639(19)30916-2
URL	https://doi.org/S1438-4639(19)30916-2
Keywords	multidrug-resistance surface water antibiotic residues drinking water reservoir multi-barrier principle